From d3bca6eb478e852f15f704e5ac1f12e8956fd8e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. King" <jking@jkingweb.ca>
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2017 22:40:09 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] More code coverage accommodation

---
 .gitignore                               |   1 +
 lib/Database.php                         | 268 +++++++++++++++++------
 lib/Db/AbstractDriver.php                |  16 +-
 lib/Db/AbstractStatement.php             |  24 +-
 lib/Db/SQLite3/Statement.php             |   8 +-
 lib/Feed.php                             |  80 +++++--
 lib/Lang.php                             |  55 +++--
 lib/Misc/Context.php                     |  20 +-
 lib/Misc/Date.php                        |   8 +-
 lib/Misc/Query.php                       |   8 +-
 lib/REST.php                             |   8 +-
 lib/REST/AbstractHandler.php             |  24 +-
 lib/REST/NextCloudNews/V1_2.php          |  90 ++++++--
 lib/REST/Request.php                     |  20 +-
 lib/Service.php                          |   4 +-
 lib/Service/Curl/Driver.php              |   2 +-
 lib/User.php                             | 160 ++++++++++----
 lib/User/Internal/Driver.php             |   4 +-
 lib/User/Internal/InternalFunctions.php  |  31 +--
 tests/Misc/TestContext.php               |   8 +-
 tests/REST/NextCloudNews/TestNCNV1_2.php |   2 +-
 tests/User/TestAuthorization.php         |  28 ++-
 22 files changed, 640 insertions(+), 229 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index be6a2d5..51ec49a 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ vendor/
 
 #temp files
 documentation/
+tests/coverage
 arsse.db*
 
 # Windows image file caches
diff --git a/lib/Database.php b/lib/Database.php
index 7c74eeb..77305ca 100644
--- a/lib/Database.php
+++ b/lib/Database.php
@@ -42,7 +42,9 @@ class Database {
     }
 
     public function driverSchemaUpdate(): bool {
-        if($this->db->schemaVersion() < self::SCHEMA_VERSION) return $this->db->schemaUpdate(self::SCHEMA_VERSION);
+        if($this->db->schemaVersion() < self::SCHEMA_VERSION) {
+            return $this->db->schemaUpdate(self::SCHEMA_VERSION);
+        }
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -53,7 +55,9 @@ class Database {
             [], // binding values
         ];
         foreach($valid as $prop => $type) {
-            if(!array_key_exists($prop, $props)) continue;
+            if(!array_key_exists($prop, $props)) {
+                continue;
+            }
             $out[0][] = "$prop = ?";
             $out[1][] = $type;
             $out[2][] = $props[$prop];
@@ -95,37 +99,54 @@ class Database {
     }
 
     public function userExists(string $user): bool {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         return (bool) $this->db->prepare("SELECT count(*) from arsse_users where id is ?", "str")->run($user)->getValue();
     }
 
     public function userAdd(string $user, string $password = null): string {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
-        if($this->userExists($user)) throw new User\Exception("alreadyExists", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
-        if($password===null) $password = (new PassGen)->length(Arsse::$conf->userTempPasswordLength)->get();
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        } else if($this->userExists($user)) {
+            throw new User\Exception("alreadyExists", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
+        if($password===null) {
+            $password = (new PassGen)->length(Arsse::$conf->userTempPasswordLength)->get();
+        }
         $hash = "";
-        if(strlen($password) > 0) $hash = password_hash($password, \PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
+        if(strlen($password) > 0) {
+            $hash = password_hash($password, \PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
+        }
         $this->db->prepare("INSERT INTO arsse_users(id,password) values(?,?)", "str", "str")->runArray([$user,$hash]);
         return $password;
     }
 
     public function userRemove(string $user): bool {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
-        if($this->db->prepare("DELETE from arsse_users where id is ?", "str")->run($user)->changes() < 1) throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
+        if($this->db->prepare("DELETE from arsse_users where id is ?", "str")->run($user)->changes() < 1) {
+            throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         return true;
     }
 
     public function userList(string $domain = null): array {
         $out = [];
         if($domain !== null) {
-            if(!Arsse::$user->authorize("@".$domain, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $domain]);
+            if(!Arsse::$user->authorize("@".$domain, __FUNCTION__)) {
+                throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $domain]);
+            }
             $domain = str_replace(["\\","%","_"],["\\\\", "\\%", "\\_"], $domain);
             $domain = "%@".$domain;
             foreach($this->db->prepare("SELECT id from arsse_users where id like ?", "str")->run($domain) as $user) {
                 $out[] = $user['id'];
             }
         } else {
-            if(!Arsse::$user->authorize("", __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => "global"]);
+            if(!Arsse::$user->authorize("", __FUNCTION__)) {
+                throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => "global"]);
+            }
             foreach($this->db->prepare("SELECT id from arsse_users")->run() as $user) {
                 $out[] = $user['id'];
             }
@@ -134,31 +155,48 @@ class Database {
     }
 
     public function userPasswordGet(string $user): string {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
-        if(!$this->userExists($user)) throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        } else if(!$this->userExists($user)) {
+            throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         return (string) $this->db->prepare("SELECT password from arsse_users where id is ?", "str")->run($user)->getValue();
     }
 
     public function userPasswordSet(string $user, string $password = null): string {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
-        if(!$this->userExists($user)) throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
-        if($password===null) $password = (new PassGen)->length(Arsse::$conf->userTempPasswordLength)->get();
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        } else if(!$this->userExists($user)) {
+            throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
+        if($password===null) {
+            $password = (new PassGen)->length(Arsse::$conf->userTempPasswordLength)->get();
+        }
         $hash = "";
-        if(strlen($password) > 0) $hash = password_hash($password, \PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
+        if(strlen($password) > 0) {
+            $hash = password_hash($password, \PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
+        }
         $this->db->prepare("UPDATE arsse_users set password = ? where id is ?", "str", "str")->run($hash, $user);
         return $password;
     }
 
     public function userPropertiesGet(string $user): array {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         $prop = $this->db->prepare("SELECT name,rights from arsse_users where id is ?", "str")->run($user)->getRow();
-        if(!$prop) throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!$prop) {
+            throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         return $prop;
     }
 
     public function userPropertiesSet(string $user, array $properties): array {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
-        if(!$this->userExists($user)) throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        } else if(!$this->userExists($user)) {
+            throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         $valid = [ // FIXME: add future properties
             "name" => "str",
         ];
@@ -168,13 +206,18 @@ class Database {
     }
 
     public function userRightsGet(string $user): int {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         return (int) $this->db->prepare("SELECT rights from arsse_users where id is ?", "str")->run($user)->getValue();
     }
 
     public function userRightsSet(string $user, int $rights): bool {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__, $rights)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
-        if(!$this->userExists($user)) throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__, $rights)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        } else if(!$this->userExists($user)) {
+            throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         $this->db->prepare("UPDATE arsse_users set rights = ? where id is ?", "int", "str")->run($rights, $user);
         return true;
     }
@@ -198,7 +241,9 @@ class Database {
         } else {
             // if a parent is specified, make sure it exists and belongs to the user; get its root (first-level) folder if it's a nested folder
             $p = $this->db->prepare("SELECT id from arsse_folders where owner is ? and id is ?", "str", "int")->run($user, $parent)->getValue();
-            if(!$p) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("idMissing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "parent", 'id' => $parent]);
+            if(!$p) {
+                throw new Db\ExceptionInput("idMissing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "parent", 'id' => $parent]);
+            }
         }
         // check if a folder by the same name already exists, because nulls are wonky in SQL
         // FIXME: How should folder name be compared? Should a Unicode normalization be applied before comparison and insertion?
@@ -232,24 +277,36 @@ class Database {
     }
 
     public function folderRemove(string $user, int $id): bool {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         $changes = $this->db->prepare("DELETE FROM arsse_folders where owner is ? and id is ?", "str", "int")->run($user, $id)->changes();
-        if(!$changes) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "folder", 'id' => $id]);
+        if(!$changes) {
+            throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "folder", 'id' => $id]);
+        }
         return true;
     }
 
     public function folderPropertiesGet(string $user, int $id): array {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         $props = $this->db->prepare("SELECT id,name,parent from arsse_folders where owner is ? and id is ?", "str", "int")->run($user, $id)->getRow();
-        if(!$props) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "folder", 'id' => $id]);
+        if(!$props) {
+            throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "folder", 'id' => $id]);
+        }
         return $props;
     }
 
     public function folderPropertiesSet(string $user, int $id, array $data): bool {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         // validate the folder ID and, if specified, the parent to move it to
         $parent = null;
-        if(array_key_exists("parent", $data)) $parent = $data['parent'];
+        if(array_key_exists("parent", $data)) {
+            $parent = $data['parent'];
+        }
         $f = $this->folderValidateId($user, $id, $parent, true);
         // if a new name is specified, validate it
         if(array_key_exists("name", $data)) {
@@ -279,7 +336,9 @@ class Database {
         }
         // check whether the folder exists and is owned by the user
         $f = $this->db->prepare("SELECT name,parent from arsse_folders where owner is ? and id is ?", "str", "int")->run($user, $id)->getRow();
-        if(!$f) throw new Db\ExceptionInput($subject ? "subjectMissing" : "idMissing", ["action" => $this->caller(), "field" => "folder", 'id' => $parent]);
+        if(!$f) {
+            throw new Db\ExceptionInput($subject ? "subjectMissing" : "idMissing", ["action" => $this->caller(), "field" => "folder", 'id' => $parent]);
+        }
         // if we're moving a folder to a new parent, check that the parent is valid
         if(!is_null($parent)) {
             // make sure both that the parent exists, and that the parent is not either the folder itself or one of its children (a circular dependence)
@@ -293,7 +352,9 @@ class Database {
                 throw new Db\ExceptionInput("idMissing", ["action" => $this->caller(), "field" => "parent", 'id' => $parent]);
             } else {
                 // if using the desired parent would create a circular dependence, throw a different exception
-                if(!$p['valid']) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("circularDependence", ["action" => $this->caller(), "field" => "parent", 'id' => $parent]);
+                if(!$p['valid']) {
+                    throw new Db\ExceptionInput("circularDependence", ["action" => $this->caller(), "field" => "parent", 'id' => $parent]);
+                }
             }
         }
         return $f;
@@ -311,7 +372,9 @@ class Database {
     }
 
     public function subscriptionAdd(string $user, string $url, string $fetchUser = "", string $fetchPassword = ""): int {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         // check to see if the feed exists
         $feedID = $this->db->prepare("SELECT id from arsse_feeds where url is ? and username is ? and password is ?", "str", "str", "str")->run($url, $fetchUser, $fetchPassword)->getValue();
         if(is_null($feedID)) {
@@ -331,7 +394,9 @@ class Database {
     }
 
     public function subscriptionList(string $user, int $folder = null, int $id = null): Db\Result {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         // create a complex query
         $q = new Query(
             "SELECT 
@@ -366,24 +431,34 @@ class Database {
     }
 
     public function subscriptionRemove(string $user, int $id): bool {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         $changes = $this->db->prepare("DELETE from arsse_subscriptions where owner is ? and id is ?", "str", "int")->run($user, $id)->changes();
-        if(!$changes) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "folder", 'id' => $id]);
+        if(!$changes) {
+            throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "folder", 'id' => $id]);
+        }
         return true;
     }
 
     public function subscriptionPropertiesGet(string $user, int $id): array {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         // disable authorization checks for the list call
         Arsse::$user->authorizationEnabled(false);
         $sub = $this->subscriptionList($user, null, $id)->getRow();
         Arsse::$user->authorizationEnabled(true);
-        if(!$sub) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "feed", 'id' => $id]);
+        if(!$sub) {
+            throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "feed", 'id' => $id]);
+        }
         return $sub;
     }
 
     public function subscriptionPropertiesSet(string $user, int $id, array $data): bool {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         $tr = $this->db->begin();
         if(!$this->db->prepare("SELECT count(*) from arsse_subscriptions where owner is ? and id is ?", "str", "int")->run($user, $id)->getValue()) {
             // if the ID doesn't exist or doesn't belong to the user, throw an exception
@@ -397,8 +472,11 @@ class Database {
             // if the title is null, this signals intended use of the default title; otherwise make sure it's not effectively an empty string
             if(!is_null($data['title'])) {
                 $title = (string) $data['title'];
-                if(!strlen($title)) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("missing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "title"]);
-                if(!strlen(trim($title))) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("whitespace", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "title"]);
+                if(!strlen($title)) {
+                    throw new Db\ExceptionInput("missing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "title"]);
+                } else if(!strlen(trim($title))) {
+                    throw new Db\ExceptionInput("whitespace", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "title"]);
+                }
                 $data['title'] = $title;
             }
         }
@@ -416,7 +494,9 @@ class Database {
 
     protected function subscriptionValidateId(string $user, int $id): array {
         $out = $this->db->prepare("SELECT feed from arsse_subscriptions where id is ? and owner is ?", "int", "str")->run($id, $user)->getRow();
-        if(!$out) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("idMissing", ["action" => $this->caller(), "field" => "subscription", 'id' => $id]);
+        if(!$out) {
+            throw new Db\ExceptionInput("idMissing", ["action" => $this->caller(), "field" => "subscription", 'id' => $id]);
+        }
         return $out;
     }
 
@@ -429,7 +509,9 @@ class Database {
         $tr = $this->db->begin();
         // check to make sure the feed exists
         $f = $this->db->prepare("SELECT url, username, password, modified, etag, err_count, scrape FROM arsse_feeds where id is ?", "int")->run($feedID)->getRow();
-        if(!$f) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "feed", 'id' => $feedID]);
+        if(!$f) {
+            throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "field" => "feed", 'id' => $feedID]);
+        }
         // determine whether the feed's items should be scraped for full content from the source Web site
         $scrape = (Arsse::$conf->fetchEnableScraping && $f['scrape']);
         // the Feed object throws an exception when there are problems, but that isn't ideal
@@ -450,7 +532,9 @@ class Database {
                 'datetime', 'str', 'int'
             )->run(Feed::nextFetchOnError($f['err_count']), $e->getMessage(),$feedID);
             $tr->commit();
-            if($throwError) throw $e;
+            if($throwError) {
+                throw $e;
+            }
             return false;
         }
         //prepare the necessary statements to perform the update
@@ -561,7 +645,9 @@ class Database {
     }
 
     public function articleStarredCount(string $user, array $context = []): int {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
         return $this->db->prepare(
             "WITH RECURSIVE
                 user(user) as (SELECT ?),
@@ -576,8 +662,12 @@ class Database {
     }
 
     public function editionLatest(string $user, Context $context = null): int {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
-        if(!$context) $context = new Context;
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
+        if(!$context) {
+            $context = new Context;
+        }
         $q = new Query("SELECT max(arsse_editions.id) from arsse_editions left join arsse_articles on article is arsse_articles.id left join arsse_feeds on arsse_articles.feed is arsse_feeds.id");
         if($context->subscription()) {
             // if a subscription is specified, make sure it exists
@@ -592,8 +682,12 @@ class Database {
     }
 
     public function articleList(string $user, Context $context = null): Db\Result {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
-        if(!$context) $context = new Context;
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
+        if(!$context) {
+            $context = new Context;
+        }
         $q = new Query(
             "SELECT 
                 arsse_articles.id as id,
@@ -637,21 +731,37 @@ class Database {
             $q->setCTE("subscribed_feeds(id,sub)", "SELECT feed,id from arsse_subscriptions join user on user is owner");
         }
         // filter based on edition offset
-        if($context->oldestEdition()) $q->setWhere("edition >= ?", "int", $context->oldestEdition);
-        if($context->latestEdition()) $q->setWhere("edition <= ?", "int", $context->latestEdition);
+        if($context->oldestEdition()) {
+            $q->setWhere("edition >= ?", "int", $context->oldestEdition);
+        }
+        if($context->latestEdition()) {
+            $q->setWhere("edition <= ?", "int", $context->latestEdition);
+        }
         // filter based on lastmod time
-        if($context->modifiedSince()) $q->setWhere("modified_date >= ?", "datetime", $context->modifiedSince);
-        if($context->notModifiedSince()) $q->setWhere("modified_date <= ?", "datetime", $context->notModifiedSince);
+        if($context->modifiedSince()) {
+            $q->setWhere("modified_date >= ?", "datetime", $context->modifiedSince);
+        }
+        if($context->notModifiedSince()) {
+            $q->setWhere("modified_date <= ?", "datetime", $context->notModifiedSince);
+        }
         // filter for un/read and un/starred status if specified
-        if($context->unread()) $q->setWhere("unread is ?", "bool", $context->unread);
-        if($context->starred()) $q->setWhere("starred is ?", "bool", $context->starred);
+        if($context->unread()) {
+            $q->setWhere("unread is ?", "bool", $context->unread);
+        }
+        if($context->starred()) {
+            $q->setWhere("starred is ?", "bool", $context->starred);
+        }
         // perform the query and return results
         return $this->db->prepare($q->getQuery(), $q->getTypes())->run($q->getValues());
     }
 
     public function articleMark(string $user, array $data, Context $context = null): bool {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
-        if(!$context) $context = new Context;
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authorize($user, __FUNCTION__)) {
+            throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => __FUNCTION__, "user" => $user]);
+        }
+        if(!$context) {
+            $context = new Context;
+        }
         // sanitize input
         $values = [
             isset($data['read']) ? $data['read'] : null,
@@ -683,7 +793,9 @@ class Database {
             // make sure the edition exists
             $edition = $this->articleValidateEdition($user, $context->edition);
             // if the edition is not the latest, do not mark the read flag
-            if(!$edition['current']) $values[0] = null;
+            if(!$edition['current']) {
+                $values[0] = null;
+            }
         } else if($context->article()) {
             // otherwise if an article context is specified, make sure it's valid
             $this->articleValidateId($user, $context->article);
@@ -731,8 +843,11 @@ class Database {
             }
             if($context->editions()) {
                 // if multiple specific editions have been requested, prepare a CTE to list them and their articles
-                if(!$context->editions) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("tooShort", ['field' => "editions", 'action' => __FUNCTION__, 'min' => 1]); // must have at least one array element
-                if(sizeof($context->editions) > 50) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("tooLong", ['field' => "editions", 'action' => __FUNCTION__, 'max' => 50]); // must not have more than 50 array elements
+                if(!$context->editions) {
+                    throw new Db\ExceptionInput("tooShort", ['field' => "editions", 'action' => __FUNCTION__, 'min' => 1]); // must have at least one array element
+                } else if(sizeof($context->editions) > 50) {
+                    throw new Db\ExceptionInput("tooLong", ['field' => "editions", 'action' => __FUNCTION__, 'max' => 50]); // must not have more than 50 array elements
+                }
                 list($inParams, $inTypes) = $this->generateIn($context->editions, "int");
                 $q->setCTE("requested_articles(id,edition)",
                     "SELECT article,id as edition from arsse_editions where edition in ($inParams)",
@@ -742,8 +857,11 @@ class Database {
                 $q->setWhere("arsse_articles.id in (select id from requested_articles)");
             } else if($context->articles()) {
                 // if multiple specific articles have been requested, prepare a CTE to list them and their articles
-                if(!$context->articles) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("tooShort", ['field' => "articles", 'action' => __FUNCTION__, 'min' => 1]); // must have at least one array element
-                if(sizeof($context->articles) > 50) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("tooLong", ['field' => "articles", 'action' => __FUNCTION__, 'max' => 50]); // must not have more than 50 array elements
+                if(!$context->articles) {
+                    throw new Db\ExceptionInput("tooShort", ['field' => "articles", 'action' => __FUNCTION__, 'min' => 1]); // must have at least one array element
+                } else if(sizeof($context->articles) > 50) {
+                    throw new Db\ExceptionInput("tooLong", ['field' => "articles", 'action' => __FUNCTION__, 'max' => 50]); // must not have more than 50 array elements
+                }
                 list($inParams, $inTypes) = $this->generateIn($context->articles, "int");
                 $q->setCTE("requested_articles(id,edition)", 
                     "SELECT id,(select max(id) from arsse_editions where article is arsse_articles.id) as edition from arsse_articles where arsse_articles.id in ($inParams)",
@@ -756,11 +874,19 @@ class Database {
                 $q->setCTE("requested_articles(id,edition)", "SELECT 'empty','table' where 1 is 0");
             }
             // filter based on edition offset
-            if($context->oldestEdition()) $q->setWhere("edition >= ?", "int", $context->oldestEdition);
-            if($context->latestEdition()) $q->setWhere("edition <= ?", "int", $context->latestEdition);
+            if($context->oldestEdition()) {
+                $q->setWhere("edition >= ?", "int", $context->oldestEdition);
+            }
+            if($context->latestEdition()) {
+                $q->setWhere("edition <= ?", "int", $context->latestEdition);
+            }
             // filter based on lastmod time
-            if($context->modifiedSince()) $q->setWhere("modified_date >= ?", "datetime", $context->modifiedSince);
-            if($context->notModifiedSince()) $q->setWhere("modified_date <= ?", "datetime", $context->notModifiedSince);
+            if($context->modifiedSince()) {
+                $q->setWhere("modified_date >= ?", "datetime", $context->modifiedSince);
+            }
+            if($context->notModifiedSince()) {
+                $q->setWhere("modified_date <= ?", "datetime", $context->notModifiedSince);
+            }
             // push the current query onto the CTE stack and execute the query we're actually interested in
             $q->pushCTE("target_articles(id,edition,modified_date,to_insert,honour_read,honour_star)");
             $q->setBody($query);
@@ -783,7 +909,9 @@ class Database {
                 arsse_articles.id is ? and arsse_subscriptions.owner is ?",
             "int", "str"
         )->run($id, $user)->getRow();
-        if(!$out) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => $this->caller(), "field" => "article", 'id' => $id]);
+        if(!$out) {
+            throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => $this->caller(), "field" => "article", 'id' => $id]);
+        }
         return $out;
     }
 
@@ -801,7 +929,9 @@ class Database {
                 edition is ? and arsse_subscriptions.owner is ?",
             "int", "str"
         )->run($id, $user)->getRow();
-        if(!$out) throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => $this->caller(), "field" => "edition", 'id' => $id]);
+        if(!$out) {
+            throw new Db\ExceptionInput("subjectMissing", ["action" => $this->caller(), "field" => "edition", 'id' => $id]);
+        }
         return $out;
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/Db/AbstractDriver.php b/lib/Db/AbstractDriver.php
index 71cf368..03e907b 100644
--- a/lib/Db/AbstractDriver.php
+++ b/lib/Db/AbstractDriver.php
@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ abstract class AbstractDriver implements Driver {
     }
 
     public function savepointRelease(int $index = null): bool {
-        if(is_null($index)) $index = $this->transDepth;
+        if(is_null($index)) {
+            $index = $this->transDepth;
+        }
         if(array_key_exists($index, $this->transStatus)) {
             switch($this->transStatus[$index]) {
                 case self::TR_PEND:
@@ -43,7 +45,9 @@ abstract class AbstractDriver implements Driver {
                     $this->transStatus[$index] = self::TR_COMMIT;
                     $a = $index;
                     while(++$a && $a <= $this->transDepth) {
-                        if($this->transStatus[$a] <= self::TR_PEND) $this->transStatus[$a] = self::TR_PEND_COMMIT;
+                        if($this->transStatus[$a] <= self::TR_PEND) {
+                            $this->transStatus[$a] = self::TR_PEND_COMMIT;
+                        }
                     }
                     $out = true;
                     break;
@@ -78,7 +82,9 @@ abstract class AbstractDriver implements Driver {
     }
 
     public function savepointUndo(int $index = null): bool {
-        if(is_null($index)) $index = $this->transDepth;
+        if(is_null($index)) {
+            $index = $this->transDepth;
+        }
         if(array_key_exists($index, $this->transStatus)) {
             switch($this->transStatus[$index]) {
                 case self::TR_PEND:
@@ -87,7 +93,9 @@ abstract class AbstractDriver implements Driver {
                     $this->transStatus[$index] = self::TR_ROLLBACK;
                     $a = $index;
                     while(++$a && $a <= $this->transDepth) {
-                        if($this->transStatus[$a] <= self::TR_PEND) $this->transStatus[$a] = self::TR_PEND_ROLLBACK;
+                        if($this->transStatus[$a] <= self::TR_PEND) {
+                            $this->transStatus[$a] = self::TR_PEND_ROLLBACK;
+                        }
                     }
                     $out = true;
                     break;
diff --git a/lib/Db/AbstractStatement.php b/lib/Db/AbstractStatement.php
index 8f40aee..3e3f52c 100644
--- a/lib/Db/AbstractStatement.php
+++ b/lib/Db/AbstractStatement.php
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ abstract class AbstractStatement implements Statement {
     }
 
     public function rebindArray(array $bindings, bool $append = false): bool {
-        if(!$append) $this->types = [];
+        if(!$append) {
+            $this->types = [];
+        }
         foreach($bindings as $binding) {
             if(is_array($binding)) {
                 // recursively flatten any arrays, which may be provided for SET or IN() clauses
@@ -34,7 +36,9 @@ abstract class AbstractStatement implements Statement {
                 } else {
                     $this->isNullable[] = true;
                 }
-                if(!array_key_exists($binding, self::TYPES)) throw new Exception("paramTypeInvalid", $binding);
+                if(!array_key_exists($binding, self::TYPES)) {
+                    throw new Exception("paramTypeInvalid", $binding);
+                }
                 $this->types[] = self::TYPES[$binding];
             }
         }
@@ -44,13 +48,19 @@ abstract class AbstractStatement implements Statement {
     protected function cast($v, string $t, bool $nullable) {
         switch($t) {
             case "date":
-                if(is_null($v) && !$nullable) $v = 0;
+                if(is_null($v) && !$nullable) {
+                    $v = 0;
+                }
                 return Date::transform($v, "date");
             case "time":
-                if(is_null($v) && !$nullable) $v = 0;
+                if(is_null($v) && !$nullable) {
+                    $v = 0;
+                }
                 return Date::transform($v, "time");
             case "datetime":
-                if(is_null($v) && !$nullable) $v = 0;
+                if(is_null($v) && !$nullable) {
+                    $v = 0;
+                }
                 return Date::transform($v, "sql");
             case "null":
             case "integer":
@@ -58,7 +68,9 @@ abstract class AbstractStatement implements Statement {
             case "binary":
             case "string":
             case "boolean":
-                if($t=="binary") $t = "string";
+                if($t=="binary") {
+                    $t = "string";
+                }
                 if($v instanceof \DateTimeInterface) {
                     if($t=="string") {
                         return Date::transform($v, "sql");
diff --git a/lib/Db/SQLite3/Statement.php b/lib/Db/SQLite3/Statement.php
index 2c39798..05db69d 100644
--- a/lib/Db/SQLite3/Statement.php
+++ b/lib/Db/SQLite3/Statement.php
@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ class Statement extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\Db\AbstractStatement {
                 $a += $this->bindValues($value, $a);
             } else if(array_key_exists($a,$this->types)) {
                 // if the parameter type is something other than the known values, this is an error
-                if(!array_key_exists($this->types[$a], self::BINDINGS)) throw new Exception("paramTypeUnknown", $this->types[$a]);
+                if(!array_key_exists($this->types[$a], self::BINDINGS)) {
+                    throw new Exception("paramTypeUnknown", $this->types[$a]);
+                }
                 // if the parameter type is null or the value is null (and the type is nullable), just bind null
                 if($this->types[$a]=="null" || ($this->isNullable[$a] && is_null($value))) {
                     $this->st->bindValue($a+1, null, \SQLITE3_NULL);
@@ -68,7 +70,9 @@ class Statement extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\Db\AbstractStatement {
                     $type = self::BINDINGS[$this->types[$a]];
                     $value = $this->cast($value, $this->types[$a], $this->isNullable[$a]);
                     // re-adjust for null casts
-                    if($value===null) $type = \SQLITE3_NULL;
+                    if($value===null) {
+                        $type = \SQLITE3_NULL;
+                    }
                     // perform binding
                     $this->st->bindValue($a+1, $value, $type);
                 }
diff --git a/lib/Feed.php b/lib/Feed.php
index 3a6e2a0..847185e 100644
--- a/lib/Feed.php
+++ b/lib/Feed.php
@@ -42,11 +42,17 @@ class Feed {
             // ascertain whether there are any articles not in the database
             $this->matchToDatabase($feedID);
             // if caching header fields are not sent by the server, try to ascertain a last-modified date from the feed contents
-            if(!$this->lastModified) $this->lastModified = $this->computeLastModified();
+            if(!$this->lastModified) {
+                $this->lastModified = $this->computeLastModified();
+            }
             // we only really care if articles have been modified; if there are no new articles, act as if the feed is unchanged
-            if(!sizeof($this->newItems) && !sizeof($this->changedItems)) $this->modified = false;
+            if(!sizeof($this->newItems) && !sizeof($this->changedItems)) {
+                $this->modified = false;
+            }
             // if requested, scrape full content for any new and changed items
-            if($scrape) $this->scrape();
+            if($scrape) {
+                $this->scrape();
+            }
         }
         // compute the time at which the feed should next be fetched
         $this->nextFetch = $this->computeNextFetch();
@@ -116,11 +122,17 @@ class Feed {
             // prefer an Atom ID as the item's ID
             $id = (string) $f->xml->children('http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom')->id;
             // otherwise use the RSS2 guid element
-            if(!strlen($id)) $id = (string) $f->xml->guid;
+            if(!strlen($id)) {
+                $id = (string) $f->xml->guid;
+            }
             // otherwise use the Dublin Core identifier element
-            if(!strlen($id)) $id = (string) $f->xml->children('http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/')->identifier;
+            if(!strlen($id)) {
+                $id = (string) $f->xml->children('http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/')->identifier;
+            }
             // otherwise there is no ID; if there is one, hash it
-            if(strlen($id)) $f->id = hash('sha256', $id);
+            if(strlen($id)) {
+                $f->id = hash('sha256', $id);
+            }
 
             // PicoFeed also doesn't gather up categories, so we do this as well
             $f->categories = [];
@@ -129,19 +141,27 @@ class Feed {
                 // if the category has a label, use that
                 $name = (string) $c->attributes()->label;
                 // otherwise use the term
-                if(!strlen($name)) $name = (string) $c->attributes()->term;
+                if(!strlen($name)) {
+                    $name = (string) $c->attributes()->term;
+                }
                 // ... assuming it has that much
-                if(strlen($name)) $f->categories[] = $name;
+                if(strlen($name)) {
+                    $f->categories[] = $name;
+                }
             }
             // next add RSS2 categories
             foreach($f->xml->children()->category as $c) {
                 $name = (string) $c;
-                if(strlen($name)) $f->categories[] = $name;
+                if(strlen($name)) {
+                    $f->categories[] = $name;
+                }
             }
             // and finally try Dublin Core subjects
             foreach($f->xml->children('http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/')->subject as $c) {
                 $name = (string) $c;
-                if(strlen($name)) $f->categories[] = $name;
+                if(strlen($name)) {
+                    $f->categories[] = $name;
+                }
             }
             //sort the results
             sort($f->categories);
@@ -161,7 +181,9 @@ class Feed {
         foreach($items as $item) {
             foreach($out as $index => $check) {
                 // if the two items both have IDs and they differ, they do not match, regardless of hashes
-                if($item->id && $check->id && $item->id != $check->id) continue;
+                if($item->id && $check->id && $item->id != $check->id) {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 // if the two items have the same ID or any one hash matches, they are two versions of the same item
                 if(
                     ($item->id && $check->id && $item->id == $check->id) ||
@@ -208,10 +230,18 @@ class Feed {
             // if we need to, perform a second pass on the database looking specifically for IDs and hashes of the new items
             $ids = $hashesUT = $hashesUC = $hashesTC = [];
             foreach($this->newItems as $i) {
-                if($i->id)               $ids[]      = $i->id;
-                if($i->urlTitleHash)     $hashesUT[] = $i->urlTitleHash;
-                if($i->urlContentHash)   $hashesUC[] = $i->urlContentHash;
-                if($i->titleContentHash) $hashesTC[] = $i->titleContentHash;
+                if($i->id) {
+                    $ids[] = $i->id;
+                }
+                if($i->urlTitleHash) {
+                    $hashesUT[] = $i->urlTitleHash;
+                }
+                if($i->urlContentHash) {
+                    $hashesUC[] = $i->urlContentHash;
+                }
+                if($i->titleContentHash) {
+                    $hashesTC[] = $i->titleContentHash;
+                }
             }
             $articles = Arsse::$db->feedMatchIds($feedID, $ids, $hashesUT, $hashesUC, $hashesTC)->getAll();
             list($this->newItems, $changed) = $this->matchItems($this->newItems, $articles);
@@ -228,7 +258,9 @@ class Feed {
             $found = false;
             foreach($articles as $a) {
                 // if the item has an ID and it doesn't match the article ID, the two don't match, regardless of hashes
-                if($i->id && $i->id !== $a['guid']) continue;
+                if($i->id && $i->id !== $a['guid']) {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 if(
                     // the item matches if the GUID matches...
                     ($i->id && $i->id === $a['guid']) ||
@@ -255,7 +287,9 @@ class Feed {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            if(!$found) $new[] = $i;
+            if(!$found) {
+                $new[] = $i;
+            }
         }
         return [$new, $edited];
     }
@@ -319,7 +353,9 @@ class Feed {
     }
 
     protected function computeLastModified() {
-        if(!$this->modified) return $this->lastModified;
+        if(!$this->modified) {
+            return $this->lastModified;
+        }
         $dates = $this->gatherDates();
         if(sizeof($dates)) {
             return Date::normalize($dates[0]);
@@ -331,8 +367,12 @@ class Feed {
     protected function gatherDates(): array {
         $dates = [];
         foreach($this->data->items as $item) {
-            if($item->updatedDate) $dates[] = $item->updatedDate->getTimestamp();
-            if($item->publishedDate) $dates[] = $item->publishedDate->getTimestamp();
+            if($item->updatedDate) {
+                $dates[] = $item->updatedDate->getTimestamp();
+            }
+            if($item->publishedDate) {
+                $dates[] = $item->publishedDate->getTimestamp();
+            }
         }
         $dates = array_unique($dates, \SORT_NUMERIC);
         rsort($dates);
diff --git a/lib/Lang.php b/lib/Lang.php
index 5b57813..e64a182 100644
--- a/lib/Lang.php
+++ b/lib/Lang.php
@@ -29,24 +29,32 @@ class Lang {
 
     public function set(string $locale, bool $immediate = false): string {
         // make sure the Intl extension is loaded
-        if(!static::$requirementsMet) static::checkRequirements();
+        if(!static::$requirementsMet) {
+            static::checkRequirements();
+        }
         // if requesting the same locale as already wanted, just return (but load first if we've requested an immediate load)
         if($locale==$this->wanted) {
-            if($immediate && !$this->synched) $this->load();
+            if($immediate && !$this->synched) {
+                $this->load();
+            }
             return $locale;
         }
         // if we've requested a locale other than the null locale, fetch the list of available files and find the closest match e.g. en_ca_somedialect -> en_ca
         if($locale != "") {
             $list = $this->listFiles();
             // if the default locale is unavailable, this is (for now) an error
-            if(!in_array(self::DEFAULT, $list)) throw new Lang\Exception("defaultFileMissing", self::DEFAULT);
+            if(!in_array(self::DEFAULT, $list)) {
+                throw new Lang\Exception("defaultFileMissing", self::DEFAULT);
+            }
             $this->wanted = $this->match($locale, $list);
         } else {
             $this->wanted = "";
         }
         $this->synched = false;
         // load right now if asked to, otherwise load later when actually required
-        if($immediate) $this->load();
+        if($immediate) {
+            $this->load();
+        }
         return $this->wanted;
     }
 
@@ -74,7 +82,9 @@ class Lang {
         }
         // if the requested message is not present in any of the currently loaded language files, throw an exception
         // note that this is indicative of a programming error since the default locale should have all strings
-        if(!array_key_exists($msgID, $this->strings)) throw new Lang\Exception("stringMissing", ['msgID' => $msgID, 'fileList' => implode(", ",$this->loaded)]);
+        if(!array_key_exists($msgID, $this->strings)) {
+            throw new Lang\Exception("stringMissing", ['msgID' => $msgID, 'fileList' => implode(", ",$this->loaded)]);
+        }
         $msg = $this->strings[$msgID];
         // variables fed to MessageFormatter must be contained in an array
         if($vars===null) {
@@ -84,7 +94,9 @@ class Lang {
             $vars = [$vars];
         }
         $msg = \MessageFormatter::formatMessage($this->locale, $msg, $vars);
-        if($msg===false) throw new Lang\Exception("stringInvalid", ['msgID' => $msgID, 'fileList' => implode(", ",$this->loaded)]);
+        if($msg===false) {
+            throw new Lang\Exception("stringInvalid", ['msgID' => $msgID, 'fileList' => implode(", ",$this->loaded)]);
+        }
         return $msg;
     }
 
@@ -98,13 +110,17 @@ class Lang {
     }
 
     public function match(string $locale, array $list = null): string {
-        if($list===null) $list = $this->listFiles();
+        if($list===null) {
+            $list = $this->listFiles();
+        }
         $default = ($this->locale=="") ? self::DEFAULT : $this->locale;
         return \Locale::lookup($list,$locale, true, $default);
     }
 
     static protected function checkRequirements(): bool {
-        if(!extension_loaded("intl")) throw new ExceptionFatal("The \"Intl\" extension is required, but not loaded");
+        if(!extension_loaded("intl")) {
+            throw new ExceptionFatal("The \"Intl\" extension is required, but not loaded");
+        }
         static::$requirementsMet = true;
         return true;
     }
@@ -128,7 +144,9 @@ class Lang {
     }
 
     protected function load(): bool {
-        if(!self::$requirementsMet) self::checkRequirements();
+        if(!self::$requirementsMet) {
+            self::checkRequirements();
+        }
         // if we've requested no locale (""), just load the fallback strings and return
         if($this->wanted=="") {
             $this->strings = self::REQUIRED;
@@ -144,13 +162,17 @@ class Lang {
             $tag = array_pop($tags);
         }
         // include the default locale as the base if the most general locale requested is not the default
-        if($tag != self::DEFAULT) $files[] = self::DEFAULT;
+        if($tag != self::DEFAULT) {
+            $files[] = self::DEFAULT;
+        }
         // save the list of files to be loaded for later reference
         $loaded = $files;
         // reduce the list of files to be loaded to the minimum necessary (e.g. if we go from "fr" to "fr_ca", we don't need to load "fr" or "en")
         $files = [];
         foreach($loaded as $file) {
-            if($file==$this->locale) break;
+            if($file==$this->locale) {
+                break;
+            }
             $files[] = $file;
         }
         // if we need to load all files, start with the fallback strings
@@ -164,8 +186,11 @@ class Lang {
         // read files in reverse order
         $files = array_reverse($files);
         foreach($files as $file) {
-            if(!file_exists($this->path."$file.php")) throw new Lang\Exception("fileMissing", $file);
-            if(!is_readable($this->path."$file.php")) throw new Lang\Exception("fileUnreadable", $file);
+            if(!file_exists($this->path."$file.php")) {
+                throw new Lang\Exception("fileMissing", $file);
+            } else if(!is_readable($this->path."$file.php")) {
+                throw new Lang\Exception("fileUnreadable", $file);
+            }
             try {
                 // we use output buffering in case the language file is corrupted
                 ob_start();
@@ -175,7 +200,9 @@ class Lang {
             } finally {
                 ob_end_clean();
             }
-            if(!is_array($arr)) throw new Lang\Exception("fileCorrupt", $file);
+            if(!is_array($arr)) {
+                throw new Lang\Exception("fileCorrupt", $file);
+            }
             $strings[] = $arr;
         }
         // apply the results and return
diff --git a/lib/Misc/Context.php b/lib/Misc/Context.php
index 4f7847a..a52105e 100644
--- a/lib/Misc/Context.php
+++ b/lib/Misc/Context.php
@@ -36,15 +36,17 @@ class Context {
         $spec = array_values($spec);
         for($a = 0; $a < sizeof($spec); $a++) {
             $id = $spec[$a];
-            if(is_int($id) && $id > -1) continue;
-            if(is_float($id) && !fmod($id, 1) && $id >= 0) {
+            if(is_int($id) && $id > -1) {
+                continue;
+            } else if(is_float($id) && !fmod($id, 1) && $id >= 0) {
                 $spec[$a] = (int) $id;
                 continue;
-            }
-            if(is_string($id)) {
+            } else if(is_string($id)) {
                 $ch1 = strval(@intval($id));
                 $ch2 = strval($id);
-                if($ch1 !== $ch2 || $id < 1) $id = 0;
+                if($ch1 !== $ch2 || $id < 1) {
+                    $id = 0;
+                }
             } else {
                 $id = 0;
             }
@@ -108,12 +110,16 @@ class Context {
     }
 
     function editions(array $spec = null) {
-        if($spec) $spec = $this->cleanArray($spec);
+        if($spec) {
+            $spec = $this->cleanArray($spec);
+        }
         return $this->act(__FUNCTION__, func_num_args(), $spec);
     }
 
     function articles(array $spec = null) {
-        if($spec) $spec = $this->cleanArray($spec);
+        if($spec) {
+            $spec = $this->cleanArray($spec);
+        }
         return $this->act(__FUNCTION__, func_num_args(), $spec);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/Misc/Date.php b/lib/Misc/Date.php
index 4c9abe9..1bb2044 100644
--- a/lib/Misc/Date.php
+++ b/lib/Misc/Date.php
@@ -6,9 +6,13 @@ class Date {
     
     static function transform($date, string $outFormat = null, string $inFormat = null, bool $inLocal = false) {
         $date = self::normalize($date, $inFormat, $inLocal);
-        if(is_null($date) || is_null($outFormat)) return $date;
+        if(is_null($date) || is_null($outFormat)) {
+            return $date;
+        }
         $outFormat = strtolower($outFormat);
-        if($outFormat=="unix") return $date->getTimestamp();
+        if($outFormat=="unix") {
+            return $date->getTimestamp();
+        }
         switch ($outFormat) {
             case 'http':    $f = "D, d M Y H:i:s \G\M\T"; break;
             case 'iso8601': $f = "Y-m-d\TH:i:s";           break;
diff --git a/lib/Misc/Query.php b/lib/Misc/Query.php
index a25d195..1bd3dd1 100644
--- a/lib/Misc/Query.php
+++ b/lib/Misc/Query.php
@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ class Query {
             $this->tCTE[] = $types;
             $this->vCTE[] = $values;
         }
-        if(strlen($join)) $this->jCTE[] = $join; // the CTE might only participate in subqueries rather than a join on the main query
+        if(strlen($join)) { // the CTE might only participate in subqueries rather than a join on the main query
+            $this->jCTE[] = $join;
+        }
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -77,7 +79,9 @@ class Query {
         $this->vWhere = [];
         $this->order = [];
         $this->setLimit(0,0);
-        if(strlen($join)) $this->jCTE[] = $join;
+        if(strlen($join)) {
+            $this->jCTE[] = $join;
+        }
         return true;
     }
 
diff --git a/lib/REST.php b/lib/REST.php
index 8c2457c..764f9e2 100644
--- a/lib/REST.php
+++ b/lib/REST.php
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ class REST {
     }
 
     function dispatch(REST\Request $req = null): bool {
-        if($req===null) $req = new REST\Request();
+        if($req===null) {
+            $req = new REST\Request();
+        }
         $api = $this->apiMatch($req->url, $this->apis);
         $req->url = substr($req->url,strlen($this->apis[$api]['strip']));
         $req->refreshURL();
@@ -62,7 +64,9 @@ class REST {
         uasort($map, function($a, $b) {return (strlen($a['match']) <=> strlen($b['match'])) * -1;});
         // find a match
         foreach($map as $id => $api) {
-            if(strpos($url, $api['match'])===0) return $id;
+            if(strpos($url, $api['match'])===0) {
+                return $id;
+            }
         }
         // or throw an exception otherwise
         throw new REST\Exception501();
diff --git a/lib/REST/AbstractHandler.php b/lib/REST/AbstractHandler.php
index df91c48..a39bbb6 100644
--- a/lib/REST/AbstractHandler.php
+++ b/lib/REST/AbstractHandler.php
@@ -50,7 +50,9 @@ abstract class AbstractHandler implements Handler {
             }
             switch($types[$key]) {
                 case "int":
-                    if($this->validateInt($value)) $out[$key] = (int) $value;
+                    if($this->validateInt($value)) {
+                        $out[$key] = (int) $value;
+                    }
                     break;
                 case "string":
                     $out[$key] = (string) $value;
@@ -60,19 +62,29 @@ abstract class AbstractHandler implements Handler {
                         $out[$key] = $value;
                     } else if($this->validateInt($value)) {
                         $value = (int) $value;
-                        if($value > -1 && $value < 2) $out[$key] = $value;
+                        if($value > -1 && $value < 2) {
+                            $out[$key] = $value;
+                        }
                     } else if(is_string($value)) {
                         $value = trim(strtolower($value));
-                        if($value=="false") $out[$key] = false;
-                        if($value=="true") $out[$key] = true;
+                        if($value=="false") {
+                            $out[$key] = false;
+                        }
+                        if($value=="true") {
+                            $out[$key] = true;
+                        }
                     }
                     break;
                 case "float":
-                    if(is_numeric($value)) $out[$key] = (float) $value;
+                    if(is_numeric($value)) {
+                        $out[$key] = (float) $value;
+                    }
                     break;
                 case "datetime":
                     $t = Date::normalize($value, $dateFormat);
-                    if($t) $out[$key] = $t;
+                    if($t) {
+                        $out[$key] = $t;
+                    }
                     break;
                 default:
                     throw new Exception("typeUnknown", $types[$key]);
diff --git a/lib/REST/NextCloudNews/V1_2.php b/lib/REST/NextCloudNews/V1_2.php
index 5015aed..55504c2 100644
--- a/lib/REST/NextCloudNews/V1_2.php
+++ b/lib/REST/NextCloudNews/V1_2.php
@@ -40,13 +40,15 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
 
     function dispatch(\JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\Request $req): Response {
         // try to authenticate
-        if(!Arsse::$user->authHTTP()) return new Response(401, "", "", ['WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="'.self::REALM.'"']);
-        // only accept GET, POST, PUT, or DELETE
-        if(!in_array($req->method, ["GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE"])) return new Response(405, "", "", ['Allow: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE']);
+        if(!Arsse::$user->authHTTP()) {
+            return new Response(401, "", "", ['WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="'.self::REALM.'"']);
+        }
         // normalize the input
         if($req->body) {
             // if the entity body is not JSON according to content type, return "415 Unsupported Media Type"
-            if(!preg_match("<^application/json\b|^$>", $req->type)) return new Response(415, "", "", ['Accept: application/json']);
+            if(!preg_match("<^application/json\b|^$>", $req->type)) {
+                return new Response(415, "", "", ['Accept: application/json']);
+            }
             $data = @json_decode($req->body, true);
             if(json_last_error() != \JSON_ERROR_NONE) {
                 // if the body could not be parsed as JSON, return "400 Bad Request"
@@ -68,7 +70,9 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
         } catch(Exception405 $e) {
             return new Response(405, "", "", ["Allow: ".$e->getMessage()]);
         }
-        if(!method_exists($this, $func)) return new Response(501);
+        if(!method_exists($this, $func)) {
+            return new Response(501);
+        }
         // dispatch
         try {
             return $this->$func($req->paths, $data);
@@ -129,12 +133,16 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
         $scope = $url[0];
         // any URL components which are only digits should be replaced with "0", for easier comparison (integer segments are IDs, and we don't care about the specific ID)
         for($a = 0; $a < sizeof($url); $a++) {
-            if($this->validateInt($url[$a])) $url[$a] = "0";
+            if($this->validateInt($url[$a])) {
+                $url[$a] = "0";
+            }
         }
         // normalize the HTTP method to uppercase
         $method = strtoupper($method);
         // if the scope is not supported, return 501
-        if(!array_key_exists($scope, $choices)) throw new Exception501();
+        if(!array_key_exists($scope, $choices)) {
+            throw new Exception501();
+        }
         // we now evaluate the supplied URL against every supported path for the selected scope
         // the URL is evaluated as an array so as to avoid decoded escapes turning invalid URLs into valid ones
         foreach($choices[$scope] as $path => $funcs) {
@@ -251,7 +259,9 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
     // rename a folder (also supports moving nesting folders, but this is not a feature of the API)
     protected function folderRename(array $url, array $data): Response {
         // there must be some change to be made
-        if(!sizeof($data)) return new Response(422);
+        if(!sizeof($data)) {
+            return new Response(422);
+        }
         // perform the edit
         try {
             Arsse::$db->folderPropertiesSet(Arsse::$user->id, (int) $url[1], $data);
@@ -296,7 +306,9 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
     // return list of feeds which should be refreshed
     protected function feedListStale(array $url, array $data): Response {
         // function requires admin rights per spec
-        if(Arsse::$user->rightsGet(Arsse::$user->id)==User::RIGHTS_NONE) return new Response(403);
+        if(Arsse::$user->rightsGet(Arsse::$user->id)==User::RIGHTS_NONE) {
+            return new Response(403);
+        }
         // list stale feeds which should be checked for updates
         $feeds = Arsse::$db->feedListStale();
         $out = [];
@@ -310,9 +322,13 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
     // refresh a feed
     protected function feedUpdate(array $url, array $data): Response {
         // function requires admin rights per spec
-        if(Arsse::$user->rightsGet(Arsse::$user->id)==User::RIGHTS_NONE) return new Response(403);
+        if(Arsse::$user->rightsGet(Arsse::$user->id)==User::RIGHTS_NONE) {
+            return new Response(403);
+        }
         // perform an update of a single feed
-        if(!isset($data['feedId'])) return new Response(422);
+        if(!isset($data['feedId'])) {
+            return new Response(422);
+        }
         try {
             Arsse::$db->feedUpdate($data['feedId']);
         } catch(ExceptionInput $e) {
@@ -324,7 +340,9 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
     // add a new feed
     protected function subscriptionAdd(array $url, array $data): Response {
         // normalize the feed URL
-        if(!isset($data['url'])) return new Response(422);
+        if(!isset($data['url'])) {
+            return new Response(422);
+        }
         // normalize the folder ID, if specified; zero should be transformed to null
         $folder = (isset($data['folderId']) && $data['folderId']) ? $data['folderId'] : null;
         // try to add the feed
@@ -350,7 +368,9 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
         $feed = $this->feedTranslate($feed);
         $out = ['feeds' => [$feed]];
         $newest = Arsse::$db->editionLatest(Arsse::$user->id, (new Context)->subscription($id));
-        if($newest) $out['newestItemId'] = $newest;
+        if($newest) {
+            $out['newestItemId'] = $newest;
+        }
         return new Response(200, $out);
     }
     
@@ -364,7 +384,9 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
         $out = ['feeds' => $out];
         $out['starredCount'] = Arsse::$db->articleStarredCount(Arsse::$user->id);
         $newest = Arsse::$db->editionLatest(Arsse::$user->id);
-        if($newest) $out['newestItemId'] = $newest;
+        if($newest) {
+            $out['newestItemId'] = $newest;
+        }
         return new Response(200, $out);
     }
 
@@ -456,7 +478,9 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
         // set the context options supplied by the client
         $c = new Context;
         // set the batch size
-        if(isset($data['batchSize']) && $data['batchSize'] > 0) $c->limit($data['batchSize']);
+        if(isset($data['batchSize']) && $data['batchSize'] > 0) {
+            $c->limit($data['batchSize']);
+        }
         // set the order of returned items
         if(isset($data['oldestFirst']) && $data['oldestFirst']) {
             $c->reverse(false);
@@ -472,15 +496,23 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
             }
         }
         // set whether to only return unread
-        if(isset($data['getRead']) && !$data['getRead']) $c->unread(true);
+        if(isset($data['getRead']) && !$data['getRead']) {
+            $c->unread(true);
+        }
         // if no type is specified assume 3 (All)
-        if(!isset($data['type'])) $data['type'] = 3;
+        if(!isset($data['type'])) {
+            $data['type'] = 3;
+        }
         switch($data['type']) {
             case 0: // feed
-                if(isset($data['id'])) $c->subscription($data['id']);
+                if(isset($data['id'])) {
+                    $c->subscription($data['id']);
+                }
                 break;
             case 1: // folder
-                if(isset($data['id'])) $c->folder($data['id']);
+                if(isset($data['id'])) {
+                    $c->folder($data['id']);
+                }
                 break;
             case 2: // starred
                 $c->starred(true);
@@ -489,7 +521,9 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
                 // return all items
         }
         // whether to return only updated items
-        if(isset($data['lastModified'])) $c->modifiedSince($data['lastModified']);
+        if(isset($data['lastModified'])) {
+            $c->modifiedSince($data['lastModified']);
+        }
         // perform the fetch
         try {
             $items = Arsse::$db->articleList(Arsse::$user->id, $c);
@@ -557,7 +591,9 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
         // determine whether to mark read or unread
         $set = ($url[1]=="read");
         // if the input data is not at all valid, return an error
-        if(!isset($data['items']) || !is_array($data['items'])) return new Response(422);
+        if(!isset($data['items']) || !is_array($data['items'])) {
+            return new Response(422);
+        }
         // start a transaction and loop through the items
         $t = Arsse::$db->begin();
         $in = array_chunk($data['items'], 50);
@@ -578,7 +614,9 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
         // determine whether to mark starred or unstarred
         $set = ($url[1]=="star");
         // if the input data is not at all valid, return an error
-        if(!isset($data['items']) || !is_array($data['items'])) return new Response(422);
+        if(!isset($data['items']) || !is_array($data['items'])) {
+            return new Response(422);
+        }
         // start a transaction and loop through the items
         $t = Arsse::$db->begin();
         $in = array_chunk(array_column($data['items'], "guidHash"), 50);
@@ -617,14 +655,18 @@ class V1_2 extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\AbstractHandler {
 
     protected function cleanupBefore(array $url, array $data): Response {
         // function requires admin rights per spec
-        if(Arsse::$user->rightsGet(Arsse::$user->id)==User::RIGHTS_NONE) return new Response(403);
+        if(Arsse::$user->rightsGet(Arsse::$user->id)==User::RIGHTS_NONE) {
+            return new Response(403);
+        }
         // FIXME: stub
         return new Response(204);
     }
 
     protected function cleanupAfter(array $url, array $data): Response {
         // function requires admin rights per spec
-        if(Arsse::$user->rightsGet(Arsse::$user->id)==User::RIGHTS_NONE) return new Response(403);
+        if(Arsse::$user->rightsGet(Arsse::$user->id)==User::RIGHTS_NONE) {
+            return new Response(403);
+        }
         // FIXME: stub
         return new Response(204);
     }
diff --git a/lib/REST/Request.php b/lib/REST/Request.php
index 7a12959..2904e0f 100644
--- a/lib/REST/Request.php
+++ b/lib/REST/Request.php
@@ -12,9 +12,15 @@ class Request {
     public $body = "";
 
     function __construct(string $method = null, string $url = null, string $body = null, string $contentType = null) {
-        if(is_null($method)) $method = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];
-        if(is_null($url))    $url    = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
-        if(is_null($body))   $body   = file_get_contents("php://input");
+        if(is_null($method)) {
+            $method = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];
+        }
+        if(is_null($url)) {
+            $url = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
+        }   
+        if(is_null($body)) {
+            $body = file_get_contents("php://input");
+        }
         if(is_null($contentType)) {
             if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE'])) {
                 $contentType = $_SERVER['HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE'];
@@ -63,8 +69,12 @@ class Request {
         if(!in_array($out['path'],["/",""])) {
             $paths = explode("/", $out['path']);
             // remove the first and last empty elements, if present (they are artefacts of the splitting; others should remain)
-            if(!strlen($paths[0])) array_shift($paths);
-            if(!strlen($paths[sizeof($paths)-1])) array_pop($paths);
+            if(!strlen($paths[0])) {
+                array_shift($paths);
+            }
+            if(!strlen($paths[sizeof($paths)-1])) {
+                array_pop($paths);
+            }
             // %-decode each path element
             $paths = array_map(function($v){return rawurldecode($v);}, $paths);
             $out['paths'] = $paths;
diff --git a/lib/Service.php b/lib/Service.php
index f5f0aab..191bf14 100644
--- a/lib/Service.php
+++ b/lib/Service.php
@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ class Service {
     static function hasCheckedIn(): bool {
         $checkin = Arsse::$db->metaGet("service_last_checkin");
         // if the service has never checked in, return false
-        if(!$checkin) return false;
+        if(!$checkin) {
+            return false;
+        }
         // convert the check-in timestamp to a DateTime instance
         $checkin = Date::normalize($checkin, "sql");
         // get the checking interval
diff --git a/lib/Service/Curl/Driver.php b/lib/Service/Curl/Driver.php
index b8cdd84..b41c9be 100644
--- a/lib/Service/Curl/Driver.php
+++ b/lib/Service/Curl/Driver.php
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Driver implements \JKingWeb\Arsse\Service\Driver {
         curl_multi_setopt($this->queue, \CURLMOPT_PIPELINING, 1);
     }
 
-    function qeueue(int ...$feeds): int {
+    function queue(int ...$feeds): int {
         foreach($feeds as $id) {
             $h = curl_init();
             curl_setopt($h, \CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, json_encode(['userId' => "", 'feedId' => $id]));
diff --git a/lib/User.php b/lib/User.php
index b8a89f5..6496815 100644
--- a/lib/User.php
+++ b/lib/User.php
@@ -37,54 +37,86 @@ class User {
     }
 
     public function __toString() {
-        if($this->id===null) $this->credentials();
+        if($this->id===null) {
+            $this->credentials();
+        }
         return (string) $this->id;
     }
 
     // checks whether the logged in user is authorized to act for the affected user (used especially when granting rights)
     function authorize(string $affectedUser, string $action, int $newRightsLevel = 0): bool {
         // if authorization checks are disabled (either because we're running the installer or the background updater) just return true
-        if(!$this->authorizationEnabled()) return true;
+        if(!$this->authorizationEnabled()) {
+            return true;
+        }
         // if we don't have a logged-in user, fetch credentials
-        if($this->id===null) $this->credentials();
+        if($this->id===null) {
+            $this->credentials();
+        }
         // if the affected user is the actor and the actor is not trying to grant themselves rights, accept the request
-        if($affectedUser==Arsse::$user->id && $action != "userRightsSet") return true;
+        if($affectedUser==Arsse::$user->id && $action != "userRightsSet") {
+            return true;
+        }
         // if we're authorizing something other than a user function and the affected user is not the actor, make sure the affected user exists
         $this->authorizationEnabled(false);
-        if(Arsse::$user->id != $affectedUser && strpos($action, "user")!==0 && !$this->exists($affectedUser)) throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => $action, "user" => $affectedUser]);
+        if(Arsse::$user->id != $affectedUser && strpos($action, "user")!==0 && !$this->exists($affectedUser)) {
+            throw new User\Exception("doesNotExist", ["action" => $action, "user" => $affectedUser]);
+        }
         $this->authorizationEnabled(true);
         // get properties of actor if not already available
-        if(!sizeof($this->actor)) $this->actor = $this->propertiesGet(Arsse::$user->id);
+        if(!sizeof($this->actor)) {
+            $this->actor = $this->propertiesGet(Arsse::$user->id);
+        }
         $rights = $this->actor["rights"];
         // if actor is a global admin, accept the request
-        if($rights==User\Driver::RIGHTS_GLOBAL_ADMIN) return true;
+        if($rights==User\Driver::RIGHTS_GLOBAL_ADMIN) {
+            return true;
+        }
         // if actor is a common user, deny the request
-        if($rights==User\Driver::RIGHTS_NONE) return false;
+        if($rights==User\Driver::RIGHTS_NONE) {
+            return false;
+        }
         // if actor is not some other sort of admin, deny the request
-        if(!in_array($rights,[User\Driver::RIGHTS_GLOBAL_MANAGER,User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_MANAGER,User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_ADMIN],true)) return false;
+        if(!in_array($rights,[User\Driver::RIGHTS_GLOBAL_MANAGER,User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_MANAGER,User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_ADMIN],true)) {
+            return false;
+        }
         // if actor is a domain admin/manager and domains don't match, deny the request
         if(Arsse::$conf->userComposeNames && $this->actor["domain"] && $rights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_GLOBAL_MANAGER) {
             $test = "@".$this->actor["domain"];
-            if(substr($affectedUser,-1*strlen($test)) != $test) return false;
+            if(substr($affectedUser,-1*strlen($test)) != $test) {
+                return false;
+            }
         }
         // certain actions shouldn't check affected user's rights
-        if(in_array($action, ["userRightsGet","userExists","userList"], true)) return true;
+        if(in_array($action, ["userRightsGet","userExists","userList"], true)) {
+            return true;
+        }
         if($action=="userRightsSet") {
             // setting rights above your own is not allowed
-            if($newRightsLevel > $rights) return false;
+            if($newRightsLevel > $rights) {
+                return false;
+            }
             // setting yourself to rights you already have is harmless and can be allowed
-            if($this->id==$affectedUser && $newRightsLevel==$rights) return true;
+            if($this->id==$affectedUser && $newRightsLevel==$rights) {
+                return true;
+            }
             // managers can only set their own rights, and only to normal user
             if(in_array($rights, [User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_MANAGER, User\Driver::RIGHTS_GLOBAL_MANAGER])) {
-                if($this->id != $affectedUser || $newRightsLevel != User\Driver::RIGHTS_NONE) return false;
+                if($this->id != $affectedUser || $newRightsLevel != User\Driver::RIGHTS_NONE) {
+                    return false;
+                }
                 return true;
             }
         }
         $affectedRights = $this->rightsGet($affectedUser);
         // managers can only act on themselves (checked above) or regular users
-        if(in_array($rights,[User\Driver::RIGHTS_GLOBAL_MANAGER,User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_MANAGER]) && $affectedRights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_NONE) return false;
+        if(in_array($rights,[User\Driver::RIGHTS_GLOBAL_MANAGER,User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_MANAGER]) && $affectedRights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_NONE) {
+            return false;
+        }
         // domain admins canot act above themselves
-        if(!in_array($affectedRights,[User\Driver::RIGHTS_NONE,User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_MANAGER,User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_ADMIN])) return false;
+        if(!in_array($affectedRights,[User\Driver::RIGHTS_NONE,User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_MANAGER,User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_ADMIN])) {
+            return false;
+        }
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -116,11 +148,15 @@ class User {
                     } else {
                         $out = $this->u->auth($user, $password);
                     }
-                    if($out && !Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) $this->autoProvision($user, $password);
+                    if($out && !Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) {
+                        $this->autoProvision($user, $password);
+                    }
                     return $out;
                 case User\Driver::FUNC_INTERNAL:
                     if(Arsse::$conf->userPreAuth) {
-                        if(!Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) $this->autoProvision($user, $password);
+                        if(!Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) {
+                            $this->autoProvision($user, $password);
+                        }
                         return true;
                     } else {
                         return $this->u->auth($user, $password);
@@ -133,7 +169,9 @@ class User {
 
     public function authHTTP(): bool {
         $cred = $this->credentials();
-        if(!$cred["user"]) return false;
+        if(!$cred["user"]) {
+            return false;
+        }
         return $this->auth($cred["user"], $cred["password"]);
     }
 
@@ -147,9 +185,13 @@ class User {
             case User\Driver::FUNC_EXTERNAL:
                 // we handle authorization checks for external drivers
                 if($domain===null) {
-                    if(!$this->authorize("@".$domain, $func)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $domain]);
+                    if(!$this->authorize("@".$domain, $func)) {
+                        throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $domain]);
+                    }
                 } else {
-                    if(!$this->authorize("", $func)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => "all users"]);
+                    if(!$this->authorize("", $func)) {
+                        throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => "all users"]);
+                    }
                 }
             case User\Driver::FUNC_INTERNAL:
                 // internal functions handle their own authorization
@@ -160,9 +202,13 @@ class User {
     }
 
     public function authorizationEnabled(bool $setting = null): bool {
-        if(is_null($setting)) return !$this->authz;
+        if(is_null($setting)) {
+            return !$this->authz;
+        }
         $this->authz += ($setting ? -1 : 1);
-        if($this->authz < 0) $this->authz = 0;
+        if($this->authz < 0) {
+            $this->authz = 0;
+        }
         return !$this->authz;
     }
 
@@ -171,9 +217,13 @@ class User {
         switch($this->u->driverFunctions($func)) {
             case User\Driver::FUNC_EXTERNAL:
                 // we handle authorization checks for external drivers
-                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) {
+                    throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                }
                 $out = $this->u->userExists($user);
-                if($out && !Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) $this->autoProvision($user, "");
+                if($out && !Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) {
+                    $this->autoProvision($user, "");
+                }
                 return $out;
             case User\Driver::FUNC_INTERNAL:
                 // internal functions handle their own authorization
@@ -189,10 +239,14 @@ class User {
         switch($this->u->driverFunctions($func)) {
             case User\Driver::FUNC_EXTERNAL:
                 // we handle authorization checks for external drivers
-                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) {
+                    throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                }
                 $newPassword = $this->u->userAdd($user, $password);
                 // if there was no exception and we don't have the user in the internal database, add it
-                if(!Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) $this->autoProvision($user, $newPassword);
+                if(!Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) {
+                    $this->autoProvision($user, $newPassword);
+                }
                 return $newPassword;
             case User\Driver::FUNC_INTERNAL:
                 // internal functions handle their own authorization
@@ -207,11 +261,15 @@ class User {
         switch($this->u->driverFunctions($func)) {
             case User\Driver::FUNC_EXTERNAL:
                 // we handle authorization checks for external drivers
-                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) {
+                    throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                }
                 $out = $this->u->userRemove($user);
                 if($out && Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) {
                     // if the user was removed and we have it in our data, remove it there
-                    if(!Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) Arsse::$db->userRemove($user);
+                    if(!Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) {
+                        Arsse::$db->userRemove($user);
+                    }
                 }
                 return $out;
             case User\Driver::FUNC_INTERNAL:
@@ -227,7 +285,9 @@ class User {
         switch($this->u->driverFunctions($func)) {
             case User\Driver::FUNC_EXTERNAL:
                 // we handle authorization checks for external drivers
-                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) {
+                    throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                }
                 $out = $this->u->userPasswordSet($user, $newPassword, $oldPassword);
                 if(Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) {
                     // if the password change was successful and the user exists, set the internal password to the same value
@@ -248,7 +308,9 @@ class User {
     public function propertiesGet(string $user, bool $withAvatar = false): array {
         // prepare default values
         $domain = null;
-        if(Arsse::$conf->userComposeNames) $domain = substr($user,strrpos($user,"@")+1);
+        if(Arsse::$conf->userComposeNames) {
+            $domain = substr($user,strrpos($user,"@")+1);
+        }
         $init = [
             "id"     => $user,
             "name"   => $user,
@@ -259,12 +321,18 @@ class User {
         switch($this->u->driverFunctions($func)) {
             case User\Driver::FUNC_EXTERNAL:
                 // we handle authorization checks for external drivers
-                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) {
+                    throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                }
                 $out = array_merge($init, $this->u->userPropertiesGet($user));
                 // remove password if it is return (not exhaustive, but...)
-                if(array_key_exists('password', $out)) unset($out['password']);
+                if(array_key_exists('password', $out)) {
+                    unset($out['password']);
+                }
                 // if the user does not exist in the internal database, add it
-                if(!Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) $this->autoProvision($user, "", $out);
+                if(!Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) {
+                    $this->autoProvision($user, "", $out);
+                }
                 return $out;
             case User\Driver::FUNC_INTERNAL:
                 // internal functions handle their own authorization
@@ -278,13 +346,17 @@ class User {
     public function propertiesSet(string $user, array $properties): array {
         // remove from the array any values which should be set specially
         foreach(['id', 'domain', 'password', 'rights'] as $key) {
-            if(array_key_exists($key, $properties)) unset($properties[$key]);
+            if(array_key_exists($key, $properties)) {
+                unset($properties[$key]);
+            }
         }
         $func = "userPropertiesSet";
         switch($this->u->driverFunctions($func)) {
             case User\Driver::FUNC_EXTERNAL:
                 // we handle authorization checks for external drivers
-                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) {
+                    throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                }
                 $out = $this->u->userPropertiesSet($user, $properties);
                 if(Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) {
                     // if the property change was successful and the user exists, set the internal properties to the same values
@@ -307,10 +379,14 @@ class User {
         switch($this->u->driverFunctions($func)) {
             case User\Driver::FUNC_EXTERNAL:
                 // we handle authorization checks for external drivers
-                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) {
+                    throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                }
                 $out = $this->u->userRightsGet($user);
                 // if the user does not exist in the internal database, add it
-                if(!Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) $this->autoProvision($user, "", null, $out);
+                if(!Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) {
+                    $this->autoProvision($user, "", null, $out);
+                }
                 return $out;
             case User\Driver::FUNC_INTERNAL:
                 // internal functions handle their own authorization
@@ -326,7 +402,9 @@ class User {
         switch($this->u->driverFunctions($func)) {
             case User\Driver::FUNC_EXTERNAL:
                 // we handle authorization checks for external drivers
-                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                if(!$this->authorize($user, $func)) {
+                    throw new User\ExceptionAuthz("notAuthorized", ["action" => $func, "user" => $user]);
+                }
                 $out = $this->u->userRightsSet($user, $level);
                 // if the user does not exist in the internal database, add it
                 if($out && Arsse::$db->userExists($user)) {
@@ -365,7 +443,9 @@ class User {
         if($properties===null) {
             // if nothing is provided but the driver uses an external function, try to get the current values from the external source
             try {
-                if($this->u->driverFunctions("userPropertiesGet")==User\Driver::FUNC_EXTERNAL) Arsse::$db->userPropertiesSet($user, $this->u->userPropertiesGet($user));
+                if($this->u->driverFunctions("userPropertiesGet")==User\Driver::FUNC_EXTERNAL) {
+                    Arsse::$db->userPropertiesSet($user, $this->u->userPropertiesGet($user));
+                }
             } catch(\Throwable $e) {}
         } else {
             // otherwise if values are provided, use those
diff --git a/lib/User/Internal/Driver.php b/lib/User/Internal/Driver.php
index 3f6cba6..bdd5c36 100644
--- a/lib/User/Internal/Driver.php
+++ b/lib/User/Internal/Driver.php
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ final class Driver implements \JKingWeb\Arsse\User\Driver {
     }
 
     public function driverFunctions(string $function = null) {
-        if($function===null) return $this->functions;
+        if($function===null) {
+            return $this->functions;
+        }
         if(array_key_exists($function, $this->functions)) {
             return $this->functions[$function];
         } else {
diff --git a/lib/User/Internal/InternalFunctions.php b/lib/User/Internal/InternalFunctions.php
index f031a5c..9e8862e 100644
--- a/lib/User/Internal/InternalFunctions.php
+++ b/lib/User/Internal/InternalFunctions.php
@@ -2,54 +2,59 @@
 declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace JKingWeb\Arsse\User\Internal;
 use JKingWeb\Arsse\Arsse;
+use JKingWeb\Arsse\User\Exception;
 
 trait InternalFunctions {
     protected $actor = [];
 
     public function __construct() {
-        $this->db = Arsse::$db;
     }
 
     function auth(string $user, string $password): bool {
-        if(!Arsse::$user->exists($user)) return false;
-        $hash = $this->db->userPasswordGet($user);
-        if($password==="" && $hash==="") return true;
+        try {
+            $hash = Arsse::$db->userPasswordGet($user);
+        } catch(Exception $e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if($password==="" && $hash==="") {
+            return true;
+        }
         return password_verify($password, $hash);
     }
 
     function userExists(string $user): bool {
-        return $this->db->userExists($user);
+        return Arsse::$db->userExists($user);
     }
 
     function userAdd(string $user, string $password = null): string {
-        return $this->db->userAdd($user, $password);
+        return Arsse::$db->userAdd($user, $password);
     }
 
     function userRemove(string $user): bool {
-        return $this->db->userRemove($user);
+        return Arsse::$db->userRemove($user);
     }
 
     function userList(string $domain = null): array {
-        return $this->db->userList($domain);
+        return Arsse::$db->userList($domain);
     }
 
     function userPasswordSet(string $user, string $newPassword = null, string $oldPassword = null): string {
-        return $this->db->userPasswordSet($user, $newPassword);
+        return Arsse::$db->userPasswordSet($user, $newPassword);
     }
 
     function userPropertiesGet(string $user): array {
-        return $this->db->userPropertiesGet($user);
+        return Arsse::$db->userPropertiesGet($user);
     }
 
     function userPropertiesSet(string $user, array $properties): array {
-        return $this->db->userPropertiesSet($user, $properties);
+        return Arsse::$db->userPropertiesSet($user, $properties);
     }
 
     function userRightsGet(string $user): int {
-        return $this->db->userRightsGet($user);
+        return Arsse::$db->userRightsGet($user);
     }
 
     function userRightsSet(string $user, int $level): bool {
-        return $this->db->userRightsSet($user, $level);
+        return Arsse::$db->userRightsSet($user, $level);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Misc/TestContext.php b/tests/Misc/TestContext.php
index 9d20bc7..d161513 100644
--- a/tests/Misc/TestContext.php
+++ b/tests/Misc/TestContext.php
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ class TestContext extends Test\AbstractTest {
     function testVerifyInitialState() {
         $c = new Context;
         foreach((new \ReflectionObject($c))->getMethods(\ReflectionMethod::IS_PUBLIC) as $m) {
-            if($m->isConstructor() || $m->isStatic()) continue;
+            if($m->isConstructor() || $m->isStatic()) {
+                continue;
+            }
             $method = $m->name;
             $this->assertFalse($c->$method(), "Context method $method did not initially return false");
             $this->assertEquals(null, $c->$method, "Context property $method is not initially falsy");
@@ -37,7 +39,9 @@ class TestContext extends Test\AbstractTest {
         $times = ['modifiedSince','notModifiedSince'];
         $c = new Context;
         foreach((new \ReflectionObject($c))->getMethods(\ReflectionMethod::IS_PUBLIC) as $m) {
-            if($m->isConstructor() || $m->isStatic()) continue;
+            if($m->isConstructor() || $m->isStatic()) {
+                continue;
+            }
             $method = $m->name;
             $this->assertArrayHasKey($method, $v, "Context method $method not included in test");
             $this->assertInstanceOf(Context::class, $c->$method($v[$method]));
diff --git a/tests/REST/NextCloudNews/TestNCNV1_2.php b/tests/REST/NextCloudNews/TestNCNV1_2.php
index 82c80c7..d58a47a 100644
--- a/tests/REST/NextCloudNews/TestNCNV1_2.php
+++ b/tests/REST/NextCloudNews/TestNCNV1_2.php
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use JKingWeb\Arsse\Db\ExceptionInput;
 use JKingWeb\Arsse\Db\Transaction;
 use Phake;
 
-/** @covers \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\NextCloudNews\V1_2 */
+/** @covers \JKingWeb\Arsse\REST\NextCloudNews\V1_2<extended> */
 class TestNCNV1_2 extends Test\AbstractTest {
     protected $h;
     protected $feeds = [ // expected sample output of a feed list from the database, and the resultant expected transformation by the REST handler
diff --git a/tests/User/TestAuthorization.php b/tests/User/TestAuthorization.php
index 2841707..b443cf5 100644
--- a/tests/User/TestAuthorization.php
+++ b/tests/User/TestAuthorization.php
@@ -87,7 +87,9 @@ class TestAuthorization extends Test\AbstractTest {
 
     function testRegularUserLogic() {
         foreach(self::USERS as $actor => $rights) {
-            if($rights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_NONE) continue;
+            if($rights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_NONE) {
+                continue;
+            }
             Arsse::$user->auth($actor, "");
             foreach(array_keys(self::USERS) as $affected) {
                 // regular users should only be able to act for themselves
@@ -112,7 +114,9 @@ class TestAuthorization extends Test\AbstractTest {
 
     function testDomainManagerLogic() {
         foreach(self::USERS as $actor => $actorRights) {
-            if($actorRights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_MANAGER) continue;
+            if($actorRights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_MANAGER) {
+                continue;
+            }
             $actorDomain = substr($actor,strrpos($actor,"@")+1);
             Arsse::$user->auth($actor, "");
             foreach(self::USERS as $affected => $affectedRights) {
@@ -151,7 +155,9 @@ class TestAuthorization extends Test\AbstractTest {
 
     function testDomainAdministratorLogic() {
         foreach(self::USERS as $actor => $actorRights) {
-            if($actorRights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_ADMIN) continue;
+            if($actorRights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_ADMIN) {
+                continue;
+            }
             $actorDomain = substr($actor,strrpos($actor,"@")+1);
             Arsse::$user->auth($actor, "");
             $allowed = [User\Driver::RIGHTS_NONE,User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_MANAGER,User\Driver::RIGHTS_DOMAIN_ADMIN];
@@ -191,7 +197,9 @@ class TestAuthorization extends Test\AbstractTest {
 
     function testGlobalManagerLogic() {
         foreach(self::USERS as $actor => $actorRights) {
-            if($actorRights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_GLOBAL_MANAGER) continue;
+            if($actorRights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_GLOBAL_MANAGER) {
+                continue;
+            }
             $actorDomain = substr($actor,strrpos($actor,"@")+1);
             Arsse::$user->auth($actor, "");
             foreach(self::USERS as $affected => $affectedRights) {
@@ -222,7 +230,9 @@ class TestAuthorization extends Test\AbstractTest {
 
     function testGlobalAdministratorLogic() {
         foreach(self::USERS as $actor => $actorRights) {
-            if($actorRights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_GLOBAL_ADMIN) continue;
+            if($actorRights != User\Driver::RIGHTS_GLOBAL_ADMIN) {
+                continue;
+            }
             Arsse::$user->auth($actor, "");
             // global admins can do anything
             foreach(self::USERS as $affected => $affectedRights) {
@@ -240,7 +250,9 @@ class TestAuthorization extends Test\AbstractTest {
 
     function testInvalidLevelLogic() {
         foreach(self::USERS as $actor => $rights) {
-            if(in_array($rights, self::LEVELS)) continue;
+            if(in_array($rights, self::LEVELS)) {
+                continue;
+            }
             Arsse::$user->auth($actor, "");
             foreach(array_keys(self::USERS) as $affected) {
                 // users with unknown/invalid rights should be treated just like regular users and only be able to act for themselves
@@ -297,7 +309,9 @@ class TestAuthorization extends Test\AbstractTest {
         $err = [];
         foreach($tests as $func => $args) {
             // list method does not take an affected user, so do not unshift for that one
-            if($func != "list") array_unshift($args, $user);
+            if($func != "list") {
+                array_unshift($args, $user);
+            }
             try {
                 call_user_func_array(array(Arsse::$user, $func), $args);
             } catch(User\ExceptionAuthz $e) {